tcp.h

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates.
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#ifndef _vnet_tcp_h_
#define _vnet_tcp_h_

#include <vnet/vnet.h>
#include <vnet/ip/ip.h>
#include <vnet/tcp/tcp_packet.h>
#include <vnet/tcp/tcp_timer.h>
#include <vnet/session/transport.h>
#include <vnet/session/session.h>
#include <vnet/tcp/tcp_debug.h>

#define TCP_TICK 10e-3                  /**< TCP tick period (s) */
#define THZ 1/TCP_TICK                  /**< TCP tick frequency */
#define TCP_TSTAMP_RESOLUTION TCP_TICK  /**< Time stamp resolution */
#define TCP_PAWS_IDLE 24 * 24 * 60 * 60 * THZ /**< 24 days */
#define TCP_MAX_OPTION_SPACE 40

#define TCP_DUPACK_THRESHOLD 3
#define TCP_MAX_RX_FIFO_SIZE 2 << 20
#define TCP_IW_N_SEGMENTS 10

/** TCP FSM state definitions as per RFC793. */
#define foreach_tcp_fsm_state   \
  _(CLOSED, "CLOSED")           \
  _(LISTEN, "LISTEN")           \
  _(SYN_SENT, "SYN_SENT")       \
  _(SYN_RCVD, "SYN_RCVD")       \
  _(ESTABLISHED, "ESTABLISHED") \
  _(CLOSE_WAIT, "CLOSE_WAIT")   \
  _(FIN_WAIT_1, "FIN_WAIT_1")   \
  _(LAST_ACK, "LAST_ACK")       \
  _(CLOSING, "CLOSING")         \
  _(FIN_WAIT_2, "FIN_WAIT_2")   \
  _(TIME_WAIT, "TIME_WAIT")

typedef enum _tcp_state
{
#define _(sym, str) TCP_STATE_##sym,
  foreach_tcp_fsm_state
#undef _
  TCP_N_STATES
} tcp_state_t;

format_function_t format_tcp_state;

/** TCP timers */
#define foreach_tcp_timer               \
  _(RETRANSMIT, "RETRANSMIT")           \
  _(DELACK, "DELAYED ACK")              \
  _(PERSIST, "PERSIST")                 \
  _(KEEP, "KEEP")                       \
  _(WAITCLOSE, "WAIT CLOSE")            \
  _(RETRANSMIT_SYN, "RETRANSMIT SYN")   \
  _(ESTABLISH, "ESTABLISH")

typedef enum _tcp_timers
{
#define _(sym, str) TCP_TIMER_##sym,
  foreach_tcp_timer
#undef _
  TCP_N_TIMERS
} tcp_timers_e;

typedef void (timer_expiration_handler) (u32 index);

extern timer_expiration_handler tcp_timer_delack_handler;
extern timer_expiration_handler tcp_timer_retransmit_handler;
extern timer_expiration_handler tcp_timer_retransmit_syn_handler;

#define TCP_TIMER_HANDLE_INVALID ((u32) ~0)

/* Timer delays as multiples of 100ms */
#define TCP_TO_TIMER_TICK       TCP_TICK*10     /* Period for converting from TCP
                                                 * ticks to timer units */
#define TCP_DELACK_TIME         1       /* 0.1s */
#define TCP_ESTABLISH_TIME      750     /* 75s */
#define TCP_2MSL_TIME           300     /* 30s */
#define TCP_CLOSEWAIT_TIME      1       /* 0.1s */
#define TCP_CLEANUP_TIME        5       /* 0.5s Time to wait before cleanup */

#define TCP_RTO_MAX 60 * THZ    /* Min max RTO (60s) as per RFC6298 */
#define TCP_RTT_MAX 30 * THZ    /* 30s (probably too much) */
#define TCP_RTO_SYN_RETRIES 3   /* SYN retries without doubling RTO */
#define TCP_RTO_INIT 1 * THZ    /* Initial retransmit timer */

void tcp_update_time (f64 now, u32 thread_index);

/** TCP connection flags */
#define foreach_tcp_connection_flag             \
  _(DELACK, "Delay ACK")                        \
  _(SNDACK, "Send ACK")                         \
  _(BURSTACK, "Burst ACK set")                  \
  _(FINSNT, "FIN sent")                         \
  _(SENT_RCV_WND0, "Sent 0 receive window")     \
  _(RECOVERY, "Recovery on")                    \
  _(FAST_RECOVERY, "Fast Recovery on")

typedef enum _tcp_connection_flag_bits
{
#define _(sym, str) TCP_CONN_##sym##_BIT,
  foreach_tcp_connection_flag
#undef _
  TCP_CONN_N_FLAG_BITS
} tcp_connection_flag_bits_e;

typedef enum _tcp_connection_flag
{
#define _(sym, str) TCP_CONN_##sym = 1 << TCP_CONN_##sym##_BIT,
  foreach_tcp_connection_flag
#undef _
  TCP_CONN_N_FLAGS
} tcp_connection_flags_e;

/** TCP buffer flags */
#define foreach_tcp_buf_flag                            \
  _ (ACK)       /**< Sending ACK. */                    \
  _ (DUPACK)    /**< Sending DUPACK. */                 \

enum
{
#define _(f) TCP_BUF_BIT_##f,
  foreach_tcp_buf_flag
#undef _
    TCP_N_BUF_BITS,
};

enum
{
#define _(f) TCP_BUF_FLAG_##f = 1 << TCP_BUF_BIT_##f,
  foreach_tcp_buf_flag
#undef _
};

#define TCP_MAX_SACK_BLOCKS 5   /**< Max number of SACK blocks stored */
#define TCP_INVALID_SACK_HOLE_INDEX ((u32)~0)

typedef struct _sack_scoreboard_hole
{
  u32 next;             /**< Index for next entry in linked list */
  u32 prev;             /**< Index for previous entry in linked list */
  u32 start;            /**< Start sequence number */
  u32 end;              /**< End sequence number */
} sack_scoreboard_hole_t;

typedef struct _sack_scoreboard
{
  sack_scoreboard_hole_t *holes;        /**< Pool of holes */
  u32 head;                             /**< Index to first entry */
  u32 sacked_bytes;                     /**< Number of bytes sacked in sb */
} sack_scoreboard_t;

typedef enum _tcp_cc_algorithm_type
{
  TCP_CC_NEWRENO,
} tcp_cc_algorithm_type_e;

typedef struct _tcp_cc_algorithm tcp_cc_algorithm_t;

typedef enum _tcp_cc_ack_t
{
  TCP_CC_ACK,
  TCP_CC_DUPACK,
  TCP_CC_PARTIALACK
} tcp_cc_ack_t;

typedef struct _tcp_connection
{
  transport_connection_t connection;  /**< Common transport data. First! */

  u8 state;                     /**< TCP state as per tcp_state_t */
  u16 flags;                    /**< Connection flags (see tcp_conn_flags_e) */
  u32 timers[TCP_N_TIMERS];     /**< Timer handles into timer wheel */

  /* TODO RFC4898 */

  /** Send sequence variables RFC793 */
  u32 snd_una;          /**< oldest unacknowledged sequence number */
  u32 snd_una_max;      /**< newest unacknowledged sequence number + 1*/
  u32 snd_wnd;          /**< send window */
  u32 snd_wl1;          /**< seq number used for last snd.wnd update */
  u32 snd_wl2;          /**< ack number used for last snd.wnd update */
  u32 snd_nxt;          /**< next seq number to be sent */

  /** Receive sequence variables RFC793 */
  u32 rcv_nxt;          /**< next sequence number expected */
  u32 rcv_wnd;          /**< receive window we expect */

  u32 rcv_las;          /**< rcv_nxt at last ack sent/rcv_wnd update */
  u32 iss;              /**< initial sent sequence */
  u32 irs;              /**< initial remote sequence */

  /* Options */
  tcp_options_t opt;    /**< TCP connection options parsed */
  u8 rcv_wscale;        /**< Window scale to advertise to peer */
  u8 snd_wscale;        /**< Window scale to use when sending */
  u32 tsval_recent;     /**< Last timestamp received */
  u32 tsval_recent_age; /**< When last updated tstamp_recent*/

  sack_block_t *snd_sacks;      /**< Vector of SACKs to send. XXX Fixed size? */
  sack_scoreboard_t sack_sb;    /**< SACK "scoreboard" that tracks holes */

  u8 rcv_dupacks;       /**< Number of DUPACKs received */
  u8 snt_dupacks;       /**< Number of DUPACKs sent in a burst */

  /* Congestion control */
  u32 cwnd;             /**< Congestion window */
  u32 ssthresh;         /**< Slow-start threshold */
  u32 prev_ssthresh;    /**< ssthresh before congestion */
  u32 bytes_acked;      /**< Bytes acknowledged by current segment */
  u32 rtx_bytes;        /**< Retransmitted bytes */
  u32 tsecr_last_ack;   /**< Timestamp echoed to us in last healthy ACK */
  tcp_cc_algorithm_t *cc_algo;  /**< Congestion control algorithm */

  /* RTT and RTO */
  u32 rto;              /**< Retransmission timeout */
  u32 rto_boff;         /**< Index for RTO backoff */
  u32 srtt;             /**< Smoothed RTT */
  u32 rttvar;           /**< Smoothed mean RTT difference. Approximates variance */
  u32 rtt_ts;           /**< Timestamp for tracked ACK */
  u32 rtt_seq;          /**< Sequence number for tracked ACK */

  u16 snd_mss;          /**< Send MSS */
} tcp_connection_t;

struct _tcp_cc_algorithm
{
  void (*rcv_ack) (tcp_connection_t * tc);
  void (*rcv_cong_ack) (tcp_connection_t * tc, tcp_cc_ack_t ack);
  void (*congestion) (tcp_connection_t * tc);
  void (*recovered) (tcp_connection_t * tc);
  void (*init) (tcp_connection_t * tc);
};

#define tcp_fastrecovery_on(tc) (tc)->flags |= TCP_CONN_FAST_RECOVERY
#define tcp_fastrecovery_off(tc) (tc)->flags &= ~TCP_CONN_FAST_RECOVERY
#define tcp_in_fastrecovery(tc) ((tc)->flags & TCP_CONN_FAST_RECOVERY)
#define tcp_in_recovery(tc) ((tc)->flags & (TCP_CONN_FAST_RECOVERY | TCP_CONN_RECOVERY))
#define tcp_recovery_off(tc) ((tc)->flags &= ~(TCP_CONN_FAST_RECOVERY | TCP_CONN_RECOVERY))
#define tcp_in_slowstart(tc) (tc->cwnd < tc->ssthresh)

typedef enum
{
  TCP_IP4,
  TCP_IP6,
  TCP_N_AF,
} tcp_af_t;

typedef enum _tcp_error
{
#define tcp_error(n,s) TCP_ERROR_##n,
#include <vnet/tcp/tcp_error.def>
#undef tcp_error
  TCP_N_ERROR,
} tcp_error_t;

typedef struct _tcp_lookup_dispatch
{
  u8 next, error;
} tcp_lookup_dispatch_t;

typedef struct _tcp_main
{
  /* Per-worker thread tcp connection pools */
  tcp_connection_t **connections;

  /* Pool of listeners. */
  tcp_connection_t *listener_pool;

  /** Dispatch table by state and flags */
  tcp_lookup_dispatch_t dispatch_table[TCP_N_STATES][64];

  u8 log2_tstamp_clocks_per_tick;
  f64 tstamp_ticks_per_clock;

  /** per-worker tx buffer free lists */
  u32 **tx_buffers;

  /* Per worker-thread timer wheel for connections timers */
  tw_timer_wheel_16t_2w_512sl_t *timer_wheels;

  /* Convenience per worker-thread vector of connections to DELACK */
  u32 **delack_connections;

  /* Pool of half-open connections on which we've sent a SYN */
  tcp_connection_t *half_open_connections;

  /* Pool of local TCP endpoints */
  transport_endpoint_t *local_endpoints;

  /* Local endpoints lookup table */
  transport_endpoint_table_t local_endpoints_table;

  /* Congestion control algorithms registered */
  tcp_cc_algorithm_t *cc_algos;

  /* Flag that indicates if stack is on or off */
  u8 is_enabled;

  /* convenience */
  vlib_main_t *vlib_main;
  vnet_main_t *vnet_main;
  ip4_main_t *ip4_main;
  ip6_main_t *ip6_main;
} tcp_main_t;

extern tcp_main_t tcp_main;
extern vlib_node_registration_t tcp4_input_node;
extern vlib_node_registration_t tcp6_input_node;
extern vlib_node_registration_t tcp4_output_node;
extern vlib_node_registration_t tcp6_output_node;

always_inline tcp_main_t *
vnet_get_tcp_main ()
{
  return &tcp_main;
}

clib_error_t *vnet_tcp_enable_disable (vlib_main_t * vm, u8 is_en);

always_inline tcp_connection_t *
tcp_connection_get (u32 conn_index, u32 thread_index)
{
  if (pool_is_free_index (tcp_main.connections[thread_index], conn_index))
    return 0;
  return pool_elt_at_index (tcp_main.connections[thread_index], conn_index);
}

always_inline tcp_connection_t *
tcp_connection_get_if_valid (u32 conn_index, u32 thread_index)
{
  if (tcp_main.connections[thread_index] == 0)
    return 0;
  if (pool_is_free_index (tcp_main.connections[thread_index], conn_index))
    return 0;
  return pool_elt_at_index (tcp_main.connections[thread_index], conn_index);
}

void tcp_connection_close (tcp_connection_t * tc);
void tcp_connection_cleanup (tcp_connection_t * tc);
void tcp_connection_del (tcp_connection_t * tc);
void tcp_connection_reset (tcp_connection_t * tc);

u8 *format_tcp_connection (u8 * s, va_list * args);
u8 *format_tcp_connection_verbose (u8 * s, va_list * args);

always_inline tcp_connection_t *
tcp_listener_get (u32 tli)
{
  return pool_elt_at_index (tcp_main.listener_pool, tli);
}

always_inline tcp_connection_t *
tcp_half_open_connection_get (u32 conn_index)
{
  return pool_elt_at_index (tcp_main.half_open_connections, conn_index);
}

void tcp_make_ack (tcp_connection_t * ts, vlib_buffer_t * b);
void tcp_make_fin (tcp_connection_t * tc, vlib_buffer_t * b);
void tcp_make_synack (tcp_connection_t * ts, vlib_buffer_t * b);
void tcp_send_reset (vlib_buffer_t * pkt, u8 is_ip4);
void tcp_send_syn (tcp_connection_t * tc);
void tcp_send_fin (tcp_connection_t * tc);
void tcp_set_snd_mss (tcp_connection_t * tc);

always_inline u32
tcp_end_seq (tcp_header_t * th, u32 len)
{
  return th->seq_number + tcp_is_syn (th) + tcp_is_fin (th) + len;
}

/* Modulo arithmetic for TCP sequence numbers */
#define seq_lt(_s1, _s2) ((i32)((_s1)-(_s2)) < 0)
#define seq_leq(_s1, _s2) ((i32)((_s1)-(_s2)) <= 0)
#define seq_gt(_s1, _s2) ((i32)((_s1)-(_s2)) > 0)
#define seq_geq(_s1, _s2) ((i32)((_s1)-(_s2)) >= 0)

/* Modulo arithmetic for timestamps */
#define timestamp_lt(_t1, _t2) ((i32)((_t1)-(_t2)) < 0)
#define timestamp_leq(_t1, _t2) ((i32)((_t1)-(_t2)) <= 0)

always_inline u32
tcp_flight_size (const tcp_connection_t * tc)
{
  return tc->snd_una_max - tc->snd_una - tc->sack_sb.sacked_bytes
    + tc->rtx_bytes;
}

/**
 * Initial cwnd as per RFC5681
 */
always_inline u32
tcp_initial_cwnd (const tcp_connection_t * tc)
{
  if (tc->snd_mss > 2190)
    return 2 * tc->snd_mss;
  else if (tc->snd_mss > 1095)
    return 3 * tc->snd_mss;
  else
    return 4 * tc->snd_mss;
}

always_inline u32
tcp_loss_wnd (const tcp_connection_t * tc)
{
  return tc->snd_mss;
}

always_inline u32
tcp_available_wnd (const tcp_connection_t * tc)
{
  return clib_min (tc->cwnd, tc->snd_wnd);
}

always_inline u32
tcp_available_snd_space (const tcp_connection_t * tc)
{
  u32 available_wnd = tcp_available_wnd (tc);
  u32 flight_size = tcp_flight_size (tc);

  if (available_wnd <= flight_size)
    return 0;

  return available_wnd - flight_size;
}

void tcp_retransmit_first_unacked (tcp_connection_t * tc);

void tcp_fast_retransmit (tcp_connection_t * tc);

always_inline u32
tcp_time_now (void)
{
  return clib_cpu_time_now () * tcp_main.tstamp_ticks_per_clock;
}

u32 tcp_push_header (transport_connection_t * tconn, vlib_buffer_t * b);

u32
tcp_prepare_retransmit_segment (tcp_connection_t * tc, vlib_buffer_t * b,
                                u32 max_bytes);

void tcp_connection_timers_init (tcp_connection_t * tc);
void tcp_connection_timers_reset (tcp_connection_t * tc);

void tcp_connection_init_vars (tcp_connection_t * tc);

always_inline void
tcp_connection_force_ack (tcp_connection_t * tc, vlib_buffer_t * b)
{
  /* Reset flags, make sure ack is sent */
  tc->flags = TCP_CONN_SNDACK;
  vnet_buffer (b)->tcp.flags &= ~TCP_BUF_FLAG_DUPACK;
}

always_inline void
tcp_timer_set (tcp_connection_t * tc, u8 timer_id, u32 interval)
{
  tc->timers[timer_id]
    = tw_timer_start_16t_2w_512sl (&tcp_main.timer_wheels[tc->c_thread_index],
                                   tc->c_c_index, timer_id, interval);
}

always_inline void
tcp_retransmit_timer_set (tcp_connection_t * tc)
{
  /* XXX Switch to faster TW */
  tcp_timer_set (tc, TCP_TIMER_RETRANSMIT,
                 clib_max (tc->rto * TCP_TO_TIMER_TICK, 1));
}

always_inline void
tcp_timer_reset (tcp_connection_t * tc, u8 timer_id)
{
  if (tc->timers[timer_id] == TCP_TIMER_HANDLE_INVALID)
    return;

  tw_timer_stop_16t_2w_512sl (&tcp_main.timer_wheels[tc->c_thread_index],
                              tc->timers[timer_id]);
  tc->timers[timer_id] = TCP_TIMER_HANDLE_INVALID;
}

always_inline void
tcp_timer_update (tcp_connection_t * tc, u8 timer_id, u32 interval)
{
  if (tc->timers[timer_id] != TCP_TIMER_HANDLE_INVALID)
    tw_timer_stop_16t_2w_512sl (&tcp_main.timer_wheels[tc->c_thread_index],
                                tc->timers[timer_id]);
  tc->timers[timer_id] =
    tw_timer_start_16t_2w_512sl (&tcp_main.timer_wheels[tc->c_thread_index],
                                 tc->c_c_index, timer_id, interval);
}

always_inline u8
tcp_timer_is_active (tcp_connection_t * tc, tcp_timers_e timer)
{
  return tc->timers[timer] != TCP_TIMER_HANDLE_INVALID;
}

void
scoreboard_remove_hole (sack_scoreboard_t * sb,
                        sack_scoreboard_hole_t * hole);

always_inline sack_scoreboard_hole_t *
scoreboard_next_hole (sack_scoreboard_t * sb, sack_scoreboard_hole_t * hole)
{
  if (hole->next != TCP_INVALID_SACK_HOLE_INDEX)
    return pool_elt_at_index (sb->holes, hole->next);
  return 0;
}

always_inline sack_scoreboard_hole_t *
scoreboard_first_hole (sack_scoreboard_t * sb)
{
  if (sb->head != TCP_INVALID_SACK_HOLE_INDEX)
    return pool_elt_at_index (sb->holes, sb->head);
  return 0;
}

always_inline void
scoreboard_clear (sack_scoreboard_t * sb)
{
  sack_scoreboard_hole_t *hole = scoreboard_first_hole (sb);
  while ((hole = scoreboard_first_hole (sb)))
    {
      scoreboard_remove_hole (sb, hole);
    }
}

always_inline u32
scoreboard_hole_bytes (sack_scoreboard_hole_t * hole)
{
  return hole->end - hole->start;
}

always_inline void
tcp_cc_algo_register (tcp_cc_algorithm_type_e type,
                      const tcp_cc_algorithm_t * vft)
{
  tcp_main_t *tm = vnet_get_tcp_main ();
  vec_validate (tm->cc_algos, type);

  tm->cc_algos[type] = *vft;
}

always_inline tcp_cc_algorithm_t *
tcp_cc_algo_get (tcp_cc_algorithm_type_e type)
{
  tcp_main_t *tm = vnet_get_tcp_main ();
  return &tm->cc_algos[type];
}

void tcp_cc_init (tcp_connection_t * tc);

/**
 * Push TCP header to buffer
 *
 * @param vm - vlib_main
 * @param b - buffer to write the header to
 * @param sp_net - source port net order
 * @param dp_net - destination port net order
 * @param seq - sequence number net order
 * @param ack - ack number net order
 * @param tcp_hdr_opts_len - header and options length in bytes
 * @param flags - header flags
 * @param wnd - window size
 *
 * @return - pointer to start of TCP header
 */
always_inline void *
vlib_buffer_push_tcp_net_order (vlib_buffer_t * b, u16 sp, u16 dp, u32 seq,
                                u32 ack, u8 tcp_hdr_opts_len, u8 flags,
                                u16 wnd)
{
  tcp_header_t *th;

  th = vlib_buffer_push_uninit (b, tcp_hdr_opts_len);

  th->src_port = sp;
  th->dst_port = dp;
  th->seq_number = seq;
  th->ack_number = ack;
  th->data_offset_and_reserved = (tcp_hdr_opts_len >> 2) << 4;
  th->flags = flags;
  th->window = wnd;
  th->checksum = 0;
  th->urgent_pointer = 0;
  return th;
}

/**
 * Push TCP header to buffer
 *
 * @param b - buffer to write the header to
 * @param sp_net - source port net order
 * @param dp_net - destination port net order
 * @param seq - sequence number host order
 * @param ack - ack number host order
 * @param tcp_hdr_opts_len - header and options length in bytes
 * @param flags - header flags
 * @param wnd - window size
 *
 * @return - pointer to start of TCP header
 */
always_inline void *
vlib_buffer_push_tcp (vlib_buffer_t * b, u16 sp_net, u16 dp_net, u32 seq,
                      u32 ack, u8 tcp_hdr_opts_len, u8 flags, u16 wnd)
{
  return vlib_buffer_push_tcp_net_order (b, sp_net, dp_net,
                                         clib_host_to_net_u32 (seq),
                                         clib_host_to_net_u32 (ack),
                                         tcp_hdr_opts_len, flags,
                                         clib_host_to_net_u16 (wnd));
}

#endif /* _vnet_tcp_h_ */

/*
 * fd.io coding-style-patch-verification: ON
 *
 * Local Variables:
 * eval: (c-set-style "gnu")
 * End:
 */