bihash_template.c

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates.
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/** @cond DOCUMENTATION_IS_IN_BIHASH_DOC_H */

static inline void *BV (alloc_aligned) (BVT (clib_bihash) * h, uword nbytes)
{
  uword rv;

  /* Round to an even number of cache lines */
  nbytes += CLIB_CACHE_LINE_BYTES - 1;
  nbytes &= ~(CLIB_CACHE_LINE_BYTES - 1);

  rv = h->alloc_arena_next;
  h->alloc_arena_next += nbytes;

  if (rv >= (h->alloc_arena + h->alloc_arena_size))
    os_out_of_memory ();

  return (void *) rv;
}


void BV (clib_bihash_init)
  (BVT (clib_bihash) * h, char *name, u32 nbuckets, uword memory_size)
{
  uword bucket_size;
  int i;

  nbuckets = 1 << (max_log2 (nbuckets));

  h->name = (u8 *) name;
  h->nbuckets = nbuckets;
  h->log2_nbuckets = max_log2 (nbuckets);
  h->cache_hits = 0;
  h->cache_misses = 0;

  h->alloc_arena = (uword) clib_mem_vm_alloc (memory_size);
  h->alloc_arena_next = h->alloc_arena;
  h->alloc_arena_size = memory_size;

  bucket_size = nbuckets * sizeof (h->buckets[0]);
  h->buckets = BV (alloc_aligned) (h, bucket_size);

  h->writer_lock = BV (alloc_aligned) (h, CLIB_CACHE_LINE_BYTES);
  h->writer_lock[0] = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < nbuckets; i++)
    BV (clib_bihash_reset_cache) (h->buckets + i);

  h->fmt_fn = NULL;
}

void BV (clib_bihash_set_kvp_format_fn) (BVT (clib_bihash) * h,
                                         format_function_t * fmt_fn)
{
  h->fmt_fn = fmt_fn;
}

void BV (clib_bihash_free) (BVT (clib_bihash) * h)
{
  vec_free (h->working_copies);
  vec_free (h->freelists);
  clib_mem_vm_free ((void *) (h->alloc_arena), h->alloc_arena_size);
  memset (h, 0, sizeof (*h));
}

static
BVT (clib_bihash_value) *
BV (value_alloc) (BVT (clib_bihash) * h, u32 log2_pages)
{
  BVT (clib_bihash_value) * rv = 0;

  ASSERT (h->writer_lock[0]);
  if (log2_pages >= vec_len (h->freelists) || h->freelists[log2_pages] == 0)
    {
      vec_validate_init_empty (h->freelists, log2_pages, 0);
      rv = BV (alloc_aligned) (h, (sizeof (*rv) * (1 << log2_pages)));
      goto initialize;
    }
  rv = h->freelists[log2_pages];
  h->freelists[log2_pages] = rv->next_free;

initialize:
  ASSERT (rv);
  /*
   * Latest gcc complains that the length arg is zero
   * if we replace (1<<log2_pages) with vec_len(rv).
   * No clue.
   */
  memset (rv, 0xff, sizeof (*rv) * (1 << log2_pages));
  return rv;
}

static void
BV (value_free) (BVT (clib_bihash) * h, BVT (clib_bihash_value) * v,
                 u32 log2_pages)
{
  ASSERT (h->writer_lock[0]);

  ASSERT (vec_len (h->freelists) > log2_pages);

  v->next_free = h->freelists[log2_pages];
  h->freelists[log2_pages] = v;
}

static inline void
BV (make_working_copy) (BVT (clib_bihash) * h, BVT (clib_bihash_bucket) * b)
{
  BVT (clib_bihash_value) * v;
  BVT (clib_bihash_bucket) working_bucket __attribute__ ((aligned (8)));
  BVT (clib_bihash_value) * working_copy;
  u32 thread_index = os_get_thread_index ();
  int log2_working_copy_length;

  if (thread_index >= vec_len (h->working_copies))
    {
      vec_validate (h->working_copies, thread_index);
      vec_validate_init_empty (h->working_copy_lengths, thread_index, ~0);
    }

  /*
   * working_copies are per-cpu so that near-simultaneous
   * updates from multiple threads will not result in sporadic, spurious
   * lookup failures.
   */
  working_copy = h->working_copies[thread_index];
  log2_working_copy_length = h->working_copy_lengths[thread_index];

  h->saved_bucket.as_u64 = b->as_u64;

  if (b->log2_pages > log2_working_copy_length)
    {
      /*
       * It's not worth the bookkeeping to free working copies
       *   if (working_copy)
       *     clib_mem_free (working_copy);
       */
      working_copy = BV (alloc_aligned)
        (h, sizeof (working_copy[0]) * (1 << b->log2_pages));
      h->working_copy_lengths[thread_index] = b->log2_pages;
      h->working_copies[thread_index] = working_copy;
    }

  /* Lock the bucket... */
  while (BV (clib_bihash_lock_bucket) (b) == 0)
    ;

  v = BV (clib_bihash_get_value) (h, b->offset);

  clib_memcpy (working_copy, v, sizeof (*v) * (1 << b->log2_pages));
  working_bucket.as_u64 = b->as_u64;
  working_bucket.offset = BV (clib_bihash_get_offset) (h, working_copy);
  CLIB_MEMORY_BARRIER ();
  b->as_u64 = working_bucket.as_u64;
  h->working_copies[thread_index] = working_copy;
}

static
BVT (clib_bihash_value) *
BV (split_and_rehash)
  (BVT (clib_bihash) * h,
   BVT (clib_bihash_value) * old_values, u32 old_log2_pages,
   u32 new_log2_pages)
{
  BVT (clib_bihash_value) * new_values, *new_v;
  int i, j, length_in_kvs;

  new_values = BV (value_alloc) (h, new_log2_pages);
  length_in_kvs = (1 << old_log2_pages) * BIHASH_KVP_PER_PAGE;

  for (i = 0; i < length_in_kvs; i++)
    {
      u64 new_hash;

      /* Entry not in use? Forget it */
      if (BV (clib_bihash_is_free) (&(old_values->kvp[i])))
        continue;

      /* rehash the item onto its new home-page */
      new_hash = BV (clib_bihash_hash) (&(old_values->kvp[i]));
      new_hash >>= h->log2_nbuckets;
      new_hash &= (1 << new_log2_pages) - 1;
      new_v = &new_values[new_hash];

      /* Across the new home-page */
      for (j = 0; j < BIHASH_KVP_PER_PAGE; j++)
        {
          /* Empty slot */
          if (BV (clib_bihash_is_free) (&(new_v->kvp[j])))
            {
              clib_memcpy (&(new_v->kvp[j]), &(old_values->kvp[i]),
                           sizeof (new_v->kvp[j]));
              goto doublebreak;
            }
        }
      /* Crap. Tell caller to try again */
      BV (value_free) (h, new_values, new_log2_pages);
      return 0;
    doublebreak:;
    }

  return new_values;
}

static
BVT (clib_bihash_value) *
BV (split_and_rehash_linear)
  (BVT (clib_bihash) * h,
   BVT (clib_bihash_value) * old_values, u32 old_log2_pages,
   u32 new_log2_pages)
{
  BVT (clib_bihash_value) * new_values;
  int i, j, new_length, old_length;

  new_values = BV (value_alloc) (h, new_log2_pages);
  new_length = (1 << new_log2_pages) * BIHASH_KVP_PER_PAGE;
  old_length = (1 << old_log2_pages) * BIHASH_KVP_PER_PAGE;

  j = 0;
  /* Across the old value array */
  for (i = 0; i < old_length; i++)
    {
      /* Find a free slot in the new linear scan bucket */
      for (; j < new_length; j++)
        {
          /* Old value not in use? Forget it. */
          if (BV (clib_bihash_is_free) (&(old_values->kvp[i])))
            goto doublebreak;

          /* New value should never be in use */
          if (BV (clib_bihash_is_free) (&(new_values->kvp[j])))
            {
              /* Copy the old value and move along */
              clib_memcpy (&(new_values->kvp[j]), &(old_values->kvp[i]),
                           sizeof (new_values->kvp[j]));
              j++;
              goto doublebreak;
            }
        }
      /* This should never happen... */
      clib_warning ("BUG: linear rehash failed!");
      BV (value_free) (h, new_values, new_log2_pages);
      return 0;

    doublebreak:;
    }
  return new_values;
}

int BV (clib_bihash_add_del)
  (BVT (clib_bihash) * h, BVT (clib_bihash_kv) * add_v, int is_add)
{
  u32 bucket_index;
  BVT (clib_bihash_bucket) * b, tmp_b;
  BVT (clib_bihash_value) * v, *new_v, *save_new_v, *working_copy;
  int rv = 0;
  int i, limit;
  u64 hash, new_hash;
  u32 new_log2_pages, old_log2_pages;
  u32 thread_index = os_get_thread_index ();
  int mark_bucket_linear;
  int resplit_once;

  hash = BV (clib_bihash_hash) (add_v);

  bucket_index = hash & (h->nbuckets - 1);
  b = &h->buckets[bucket_index];

  hash >>= h->log2_nbuckets;

  tmp_b.linear_search = 0;

  while (__sync_lock_test_and_set (h->writer_lock, 1))
    ;

  /* First elt in the bucket? */
  if (b->offset == 0)
    {
      if (is_add == 0)
        {
          rv = -1;
          goto unlock;
        }

      v = BV (value_alloc) (h, 0);

      *v->kvp = *add_v;
      tmp_b.as_u64 = 0;
      tmp_b.offset = BV (clib_bihash_get_offset) (h, v);
      tmp_b.refcnt = 1;

      b->as_u64 = tmp_b.as_u64;
      goto unlock;
    }

  /* Note: this leaves the cache disabled */
  BV (make_working_copy) (h, b);

  v = BV (clib_bihash_get_value) (h, h->saved_bucket.offset);

  limit = BIHASH_KVP_PER_PAGE;
  v += (b->linear_search == 0) ? hash & ((1 << b->log2_pages) - 1) : 0;
  if (b->linear_search)
    limit <<= b->log2_pages;

  if (is_add)
    {
      /*
       * For obvious (in hindsight) reasons, see if we're supposed to
       * replace an existing key, then look for an empty slot.
       */
      for (i = 0; i < limit; i++)
        {
          if (!memcmp (&(v->kvp[i]), &add_v->key, sizeof (add_v->key)))
            {
              clib_memcpy (&(v->kvp[i]), add_v, sizeof (*add_v));
              CLIB_MEMORY_BARRIER ();
              /* Restore the previous (k,v) pairs */
              b->as_u64 = h->saved_bucket.as_u64;
              goto unlock;
            }
        }
      for (i = 0; i < limit; i++)
        {
          if (BV (clib_bihash_is_free) (&(v->kvp[i])))
            {
              clib_memcpy (&(v->kvp[i]), add_v, sizeof (*add_v));
              CLIB_MEMORY_BARRIER ();
              b->as_u64 = h->saved_bucket.as_u64;
              b->refcnt++;
              goto unlock;
            }
        }
      /* no room at the inn... split case... */
    }
  else
    {
      for (i = 0; i < limit; i++)
        {
          if (!memcmp (&(v->kvp[i]), &add_v->key, sizeof (add_v->key)))
            {
              memset (&(v->kvp[i]), 0xff, sizeof (*(add_v)));
              CLIB_MEMORY_BARRIER ();
              if (PREDICT_TRUE (h->saved_bucket.refcnt > 1))
                {
                  h->saved_bucket.refcnt -= 1;
                  b->as_u64 = h->saved_bucket.as_u64;
                  goto unlock;
                }
              else
                {
                  tmp_b.as_u64 = 0;
                  goto free_old_bucket;
                }
            }
        }
      rv = -3;
      b->as_u64 = h->saved_bucket.as_u64;
      goto unlock;
    }

  old_log2_pages = h->saved_bucket.log2_pages;
  new_log2_pages = old_log2_pages + 1;
  mark_bucket_linear = 0;

  working_copy = h->working_copies[thread_index];
  resplit_once = 0;

  new_v = BV (split_and_rehash) (h, working_copy, old_log2_pages,
                                 new_log2_pages);
  if (new_v == 0)
    {
    try_resplit:
      resplit_once = 1;
      new_log2_pages++;
      /* Try re-splitting. If that fails, fall back to linear search */
      new_v = BV (split_and_rehash) (h, working_copy, old_log2_pages,
                                     new_log2_pages);
      if (new_v == 0)
        {
        mark_linear:
          new_log2_pages--;
          /* pinned collisions, use linear search */
          new_v =
            BV (split_and_rehash_linear) (h, working_copy, old_log2_pages,
                                          new_log2_pages);
          mark_bucket_linear = 1;
        }
    }

  /* Try to add the new entry */
  save_new_v = new_v;
  new_hash = BV (clib_bihash_hash) (add_v);
  limit = BIHASH_KVP_PER_PAGE;
  if (mark_bucket_linear)
    limit <<= new_log2_pages;
  new_hash >>= h->log2_nbuckets;
  new_hash &= (1 << new_log2_pages) - 1;
  new_v += mark_bucket_linear ? 0 : new_hash;

  for (i = 0; i < limit; i++)
    {
      if (BV (clib_bihash_is_free) (&(new_v->kvp[i])))
        {
          clib_memcpy (&(new_v->kvp[i]), add_v, sizeof (*add_v));
          goto expand_ok;
        }
    }

  /* Crap. Try again */
  BV (value_free) (h, save_new_v, new_log2_pages);
  /*
   * If we've already doubled the size of the bucket once,
   * fall back to linear search now.
   */
  if (resplit_once)
    goto mark_linear;
  else
    goto try_resplit;

expand_ok:
  tmp_b.log2_pages = new_log2_pages;
  tmp_b.offset = BV (clib_bihash_get_offset) (h, save_new_v);
  tmp_b.linear_search = mark_bucket_linear;
  tmp_b.refcnt = h->saved_bucket.refcnt + 1;

free_old_bucket:

  CLIB_MEMORY_BARRIER ();
  b->as_u64 = tmp_b.as_u64;
  v = BV (clib_bihash_get_value) (h, h->saved_bucket.offset);

  BV (value_free) (h, v, h->saved_bucket.log2_pages);

unlock:
  BV (clib_bihash_reset_cache) (b);
  BV (clib_bihash_unlock_bucket) (b);
  CLIB_MEMORY_BARRIER ();
  h->writer_lock[0] = 0;
  return rv;
}

int BV (clib_bihash_search)
  (BVT (clib_bihash) * h,
   BVT (clib_bihash_kv) * search_key, BVT (clib_bihash_kv) * valuep)
{
  u64 hash;
  u32 bucket_index;
  BVT (clib_bihash_value) * v;
#if BIHASH_KVP_CACHE_SIZE > 0
  BVT (clib_bihash_kv) * kvp;
#endif
  BVT (clib_bihash_bucket) * b;
  int i, limit;

  ASSERT (valuep);

  hash = BV (clib_bihash_hash) (search_key);

  bucket_index = hash & (h->nbuckets - 1);
  b = &h->buckets[bucket_index];

  if (b->offset == 0)
    return -1;

#if BIHASH_KVP_CACHE_SIZE > 0
  /* Check the cache, if currently enabled */
  if (PREDICT_TRUE ((b->cache_lru & (1 << 15)) == 0))
    {
      limit = BIHASH_KVP_CACHE_SIZE;
      kvp = b->cache;
      for (i = 0; i < limit; i++)
        {
          if (BV (clib_bihash_key_compare) (kvp[i].key, search_key->key))
            {
              *valuep = kvp[i];
              h->cache_hits++;
              return 0;
            }
        }
    }
#endif

  hash >>= h->log2_nbuckets;

  v = BV (clib_bihash_get_value) (h, b->offset);
  limit = BIHASH_KVP_PER_PAGE;
  v += (b->linear_search == 0) ? hash & ((1 << b->log2_pages) - 1) : 0;
  if (PREDICT_FALSE (b->linear_search))
    limit <<= b->log2_pages;

  for (i = 0; i < limit; i++)
    {
      if (BV (clib_bihash_key_compare) (v->kvp[i].key, search_key->key))
        {
          *valuep = v->kvp[i];

#if BIHASH_KVP_CACHE_SIZE > 0
          u8 cache_slot;
          /* Shut off the cache */
          if (BV (clib_bihash_lock_bucket) (b))
            {
              cache_slot = BV (clib_bihash_get_lru) (b);
              b->cache[cache_slot] = v->kvp[i];
              BV (clib_bihash_update_lru) (b, cache_slot);

              /* Reenable the cache */
              BV (clib_bihash_unlock_bucket) (b);
              h->cache_misses++;
            }
#endif
          return 0;
        }
    }
  return -1;
}

u8 *BV (format_bihash_lru) (u8 * s, va_list * args)
{
#if BIHASH_KVP_SIZE > 0
  int i;
  BVT (clib_bihash_bucket) * b = va_arg (*args, BVT (clib_bihash_bucket) *);
  u16 cache_lru = b->cache_lru;

  s = format (s, "cache %s, order ", cache_lru & (1 << 15) ? "on" : "off");

  for (i = 0; i < BIHASH_KVP_CACHE_SIZE; i++)
    s = format (s, "[%d] ", ((cache_lru >> (3 * i)) & 7));

  return (s);
#else
  return format (s, "cache not configured");
#endif
}

void
BV (clib_bihash_update_lru_not_inline) (BVT (clib_bihash_bucket) * b, u8 slot)
{
#if BIHASH_KVP_SIZE > 0
  BV (clib_bihash_update_lru) (b, slot);
#endif
}

u8 *BV (format_bihash) (u8 * s, va_list * args)
{
  BVT (clib_bihash) * h = va_arg (*args, BVT (clib_bihash) *);
  int verbose = va_arg (*args, int);
  BVT (clib_bihash_bucket) * b;
  BVT (clib_bihash_value) * v;
  int i, j, k;
  u64 active_elements = 0;
  u64 active_buckets = 0;
  u64 linear_buckets = 0;
  u64 used_bytes;

  s = format (s, "Hash table %s\n", h->name ? h->name : (u8 *) "(unnamed)");

  for (i = 0; i < h->nbuckets; i++)
    {
      b = &h->buckets[i];
      if (b->offset == 0)
        {
          if (verbose > 1)
            s = format (s, "[%d]: empty\n", i);
          continue;
        }

      active_buckets++;

      if (b->linear_search)
        linear_buckets++;

      if (verbose)
        {
          s = format (s, "[%d]: heap offset %d, len %d, linear %d\n", i,
                      b->offset, (1 << b->log2_pages), b->linear_search);
        }

      v = BV (clib_bihash_get_value) (h, b->offset);
      for (j = 0; j < (1 << b->log2_pages); j++)
        {
          for (k = 0; k < BIHASH_KVP_PER_PAGE; k++)
            {
              if (BV (clib_bihash_is_free) (&v->kvp[k]))
                {
                  if (verbose > 1)
                    s = format (s, "    %d: empty\n",
                                j * BIHASH_KVP_PER_PAGE + k);
                  continue;
                }
              if (verbose)
                {
                  if (h->fmt_fn)
                    {
                      s = format (s, "    %d: %U\n",
                                  j * BIHASH_KVP_PER_PAGE + k,
                                  h->fmt_fn, &(v->kvp[k]));
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      s = format (s, "    %d: %U\n",
                                  j * BIHASH_KVP_PER_PAGE + k,
                                  BV (format_bihash_kvp), &(v->kvp[k]));
                    }
                }
              active_elements++;
            }
          v++;
        }
    }

  s = format (s, "    %lld active elements %lld active buckets\n",
              active_elements, active_buckets);
  s = format (s, "    %d free lists\n", vec_len (h->freelists));

  for (i = 0; i < vec_len (h->freelists); i++)
    {
      u32 nfree = 0;
      BVT (clib_bihash_value) * free_elt;

      free_elt = h->freelists[i];
      while (free_elt)
        {
          nfree++;
          free_elt = free_elt->next_free;
        }

      s = format (s, "       [len %d] %u free elts\n", 1 << i, nfree);
    }

  s = format (s, "    %lld linear search buckets\n", linear_buckets);
  s = format (s, "    %lld cache hits, %lld cache misses\n",
              h->cache_hits, h->cache_misses);
  used_bytes = h->alloc_arena_next - h->alloc_arena;
  s = format (s,
              "    arena: base %llx, next %llx\n"
              "           used %lld b (%lld Mbytes) of %lld b (%lld Mbytes)\n",
              h->alloc_arena, h->alloc_arena_next,
              used_bytes, used_bytes >> 20,
              h->alloc_arena_size, h->alloc_arena_size >> 20);
  return s;
}

void BV (clib_bihash_foreach_key_value_pair)
  (BVT (clib_bihash) * h, void *callback, void *arg)
{
  int i, j, k;
  BVT (clib_bihash_bucket) * b;
  BVT (clib_bihash_value) * v;
  void (*fp) (BVT (clib_bihash_kv) *, void *) = callback;

  for (i = 0; i < h->nbuckets; i++)
    {
      b = &h->buckets[i];
      if (b->offset == 0)
        continue;

      v = BV (clib_bihash_get_value) (h, b->offset);
      for (j = 0; j < (1 << b->log2_pages); j++)
        {
          for (k = 0; k < BIHASH_KVP_PER_PAGE; k++)
            {
              if (BV (clib_bihash_is_free) (&v->kvp[k]))
                continue;

              (*fp) (&v->kvp[k], arg);
              /*
               * In case the callback deletes the last entry in the bucket...
               */
              if (b->offset == 0)
                goto doublebreak;
            }
          v++;
        }
    doublebreak:
      ;
    }
}

/** @endcond */

/*
 * fd.io coding-style-patch-verification: ON
 *
 * Local Variables:
 * eval: (c-set-style "gnu")
 * End:
 */